ObservatioNZ asks an interesting question: what would have happened if New Zealand had declined to participate in WW1? Unfortunately his answer is a little short-term, focussing mostly on WW1; I think we need to look a little beyond that.
The most obvious consequence of staying out of the House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha's family squabble would have been staying out of WWII as well, or at least the European part of it. A post-Imperial New Zealand would likely have fought in the Pacific (and probably side by side with Australia), but would not have sent troops to Europe. I'm not sure whether this would have been decisive or not - I don't know enough about the early part of the African Campaign to decide whether New Zealand's absence would have led to the loss of Egypt and the capture of the Suez Canal. It would also have meant a definitive break with Britian, economically and culturally - meaning no easy access to the British or EEC market (so we would have had to make our own way in the world much sooner), no easy access to Britian for New Zealanders (so no great kiwi OE), and therefore reduced access to British and European culture. The latter would have been quite significant, as people returning from their OE after experiencing Europe drove much of the change in (to pick a perennial favourite topic) kiwi cusine. No kiwi troops at Gallipoli may have meant that today we'd still be eating corned beef...
Whilst we're on scenarios: What documents exist in the Japanese archives about their planning for New Zealand. How advanced was their thinking and decisions on the subject of governance, resources etc.? Slave colony? Shipment to Japan? Put Maori in charge of everything - play sides off each other? Take us first, then Australia? It would be fascinating.
ReplyDeleteThe legal answer is that in 1914 the Crown was considered indivisible, so that King George's declaration of war was on behalf of the whole Empire. In practice no one could have forced New Zealand to actively participate in the War, if its government had chosen that course. I doubt however that was seriously considered.
ReplyDeleteBy the Second World War it was possible for a dominion to make its own decision, as was demonstrated when Ireland remained neutral throughout the war.
I'd agree that it's interesting to consider what might have happened to NZ's relationship with Britain.
ReplyDeleteI think the likely degree of ostracism (by the UK of NZ) could be overestimated - many Kiwis are of British descent (a lot more then than now) and would have kept their ties with Britain. NZ might have become closer to the US (who were pretty neutralist themselves in the early 20th century).
Rich - i think your point about personal ties with Britain tends to point in favour of us joining the war - can you imagine the uproar from Kiwis (then) if the Mother Country was threatened and the Govt wanted to stay out of it?
ReplyDeleteOur love for the mother country back then precluded any thought of our own independent actions (the keeping of our forces in the European/North African theatre being a good example).
ReplyDeleteAs for the Japanese: New Caladonia is closer to us than Australia. Taking NC then us would have given them naval bases and a physical blockage between America and Australia. At the Coral Sea stage the US did not have enough subs to weaken them severely as they did later on. I think the NZ First strategy would be their preferred option.
What's wrong with a bit of corned beef every now and again?
ReplyDeleteYou could grow a lot of rice in the Hikurangi swamp.
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