Back in 2012, in its Review of MMP, the Electoral Commission identified a significant flaw in the system: the number of electorate seats was increasing, while the total number of seats was capped, meaning fewer list seats. If the ratio got too bad - somewhere around 75 electorates to 45 list seats, something expected to happen around 2026 - this would lead to an increasing chance of disproportionate outcomes. To prevent this and preserve proportionality, the Electoral Commission recommended fixing the ratio of electorate to list seats at 60:40.
That didn't happen, of course, as the major parties bickered and refused to implement the Electoral Commission's recommendations for partisan political reasons. Meanwhile, changes in population distribution delayed the predicted armageddon: we currently have 72 electorates, the ratio the Commission recommended, and it will shrink to 71 at the election. But we still face the problem, from the other direction. Why? Because everyone hates Chris.
Most electorates are won by the major parties. Effectively, give or take the Māori seats and a general seat here or there, the electorates are reserved for the major parties. National and Labour won 60 of the 65 general electorates last election, though only one of the seven Māori seats. Worse, electorate results are massively disproportional. While Aotearoa is a multi-party system, our electorate results between the two major parties still roughly follow the cube-rule, which sees small differences in electorate vote share magnified to huge differences in seat share. So last election, Labour won 31% of the electorate vote and 17 seats, while National won 43% of the electorate vote and 43 seats. This election the polls are closer, but an e.g. 37:33 electorate vote split is likely to mean a 1.4:1 split in the share of electorates (so 35 seats to 25, assuming major party electorate share is retained), and even 36:34 leads to 1.2:1 (so 32 seats to 28). None of which mattered when the "major" parties were big and collectively winning 75% of the vote. But when everyone hates Chris, and the major parties are polling 57% between them, it is going to cause problems.
We're aware of the "danger" of National not getting any list seats because its vote share is so low. But its not just National, because both "major" parties are polling in the shitter. A 28% party is only entitled to 34 seats in Parliament. it takes only a slight preference in the electorate races to get more than that, and if a major party expands its lead over its rival while the overall purple vote remains static, the problem gets worse. A 30% party is entitled to 36 seats, but a 38:32 electorate vote split will probably see it win 38.
Basically: major party weakness is a recipe for disproportionality. And disproportionality isn't just undemocratic: if it matters, if it keeps or puts people in power, then it is a recipe for government and state illegitimacy.
How can we fix this? The problem is due to electorates, but we probably can't eliminate them and move to a pure list system. Electorate service is one of the things Aotearoa's MPs have traditionally done well, and retaining it is worthwhile. So we're left with the Electoral Commission's solution: fixing the ratio of electorate to list seats and expanding the size of parliament to fit. The Commission's suggested 60:40 ratio is already problematic, so we need to go lower - to 50:50, or even 40:60 to allow room for growth. On the latter point, expanding Parliament to its optimum size of ~175 MPs while retaining current electorates gives us close to 40:60, while giving all the other advantages of a larger parliament. And it should protect us from electorate shitfuckery for a long time to come.




