The government has problem: it gets people to pay for the roads in part through petrol excise tax. But cars are becoming more efficient, and people are switching to EVs and not using petrol at all, so in the long-term it is going to have to find some other way to pay for it. So yesterday it announced its solution: force everyone to pay road user charges (RUCs) instead. Of course, being National, they're doing it in a way which penalises drivers of clean, fuel-efficient vehicles, while subsidising dirty, inefficient hoons; and of course, being National, they've added in private gouging middlemen and extra surveillance to enable future road privatisation (because of course they have). And their vision of how it should eventually work is
"Eventually, paying for RUC should be like paying a power bill online, or a Netflix subscription. Simple and easy," he said.
Or as someone on Kikorangi put it,
the government is going to send you another bill.
And that's what it is going to feel like. Because around 80% of us still drive petrol vehicles, and so we just don't have to think about "paying for the roads" at all. Its invisible to us, because its built into the petrol price. So requiring us to monitor usage and buy the appropriate amount of RUCs like the truckies and Rurals do is going to be pretty alien - and alienating. And it raises the obvious question of whether there aren't better alternatives.
There are a bunch of competing values underlying our existing "pay for the roads" policy. There's a strong one of "user pays", and its converse, "non users don't pay": the roads should be paid for by people who use them, and our means of doing so should generally avoid impacting people who don't (which is why we have RUCs at all, rather than a fuel tax on diesel: because it used too often for non-road uses, so that would be unfair). On top of that, we've got simplicity, efficiency, equity, and ease of enforcement. Petrol excise tax ranks highly on all of these: non-road uses are insignificant, so its user-pays by proxy; its simple, easy to administer, invisible to the end user, and very easy to enforce (it is basically unavoidable, unless you have your own secret oil well and refinery setup). RUCs, OTOH, score poorly: while they charge directly for distance travelled (rather than using a litre of petrol as an increasingly rough proxy), they are administratively complex, and require actual enforcement: someone needs to check that you've paid, and force you to pay if you haven't. They're also "lumpy" - you need to buy them in large blocks with a fixed transaction cost - which means you get sticker shocks and resulting enforcement problems. What they have going for them is that they're fuel-neutral (because they charge directly on distance travelled), and its an existing system which can in theory be expanded. Though whether it can be expanded 500% without horrific teething problems at a time when the government is slashing public service capacity remains to be seen...
(I would also add in "privacy" and "difficult to privatise" as values here, but the governments mileage clearly varies on that one...)
Looking at those policy values, it seems that there are other ways to pay for the roads which would meet those values better than RUCs. And one obvious solution which immediately stands out is some equivalent of petrol excise tax for EVs, charged through (for example) public and private fast-chargers and collected by power / charging companies as part of your regular bill. There are a number of questions that would need to be answered: what proportion of EV charging is done by fast-charger (rather than normal household plugs); how many fast-chargers have separate meters and can power companies bill separately for them; what the cost of installing new meters at existing setups would be; how to deal with things like solar panels and vehicle to grid (because we expect both these things to increase, so the policy should deal with them upfront); How much there might be in residual costs and whether they are best dealt with by over-charging on fast-chargers, through a far lower levy on all residential electricity, or an annual fee somewhere. But the government knows how much it needs for the roads, it knows what proportion of that it wants EVs to pay, it can know or reliably guess how much energy they use, so in theory it can just work out a simple cents / kWh price, just like petrol excise: efficient, invisible, difficult for normal people to avoid, and so not requiring huge effort to enforce.
Such a system would obviously take time to develop. But there doesn't seem to be a huge need for urgency here - this is a policy we need in 2030, not tomorrow. We could take the time to do it properly and avoid lumping ourselves with a complex, difficult to enforce, intrusive and surveillance-and-privatisation-ready system. And it would be nice if opposition parties committed to doing so.